Martial Ethics 武德
Martial Ethics, or 武德, wǔdé, refers to the virtues and behavioral standards associated with the responsible use of martial skill. The concept includes discipline, humility, loyalty, self-control, respect, and restraint. Although modern martial arts schools often present 武德 as an ancient and universal code, the term has a longer and more varied history in Chinese military, political, literary, religious, and educational contexts. Its meaning has changed across time and differs among martial traditions.
Emei Iron Leopard Hard Qigong: Twenty-Day Rapid-Mastery Intermediate Textbook
Emei Iron Leopard Hard Qigong is a 1995 internal manual by Jiang Hao. It documents a hard-qigong system of standing work, breath training, body conditioning, demonstrations, and correspondence teaching.
Emei Iron Leopard Hard Qigong
Emei Iron Leopard Hard Qigong is a 1995 hard-qigong system that combines standing practice, dantian work, palm training, body conditioning, acupoint massage, and controlled striking.
Jiang Hao 蒋浩
Jiang Hao, also listed as Jiang Mengchun, compiled a 1995 hard-qigong manual and was identified there as the founder of Emei Iron Leopard Hard Qigong and a student of Yang Guozhong.
Seven-Star Hard-Conditioning Practice
Seven-Star Hard-Conditioning Practice is a 1992 Chinese qigong method that combines standing work, breath regulation, seven core routines, traditional theory, and martial-conditioning aims.
Xu Yousheng 许有声
Xu Yousheng was the author and publicizer of Seven-Star Horizontal-Chain Qigong, a 1992 manual that records a seven-part qigong and conditioning practice, its training theory, cautions, and claimed effects.
Eddie Chong
Eddie Chong is a longtime California instructor who transmitted Leung Sheung lineage Wing Chun, Pan Nam Foshan Wing Chun, and Foshan Pak Mei through decades of teaching, research, and publication.
Simon Lui 雷龍春
Master Simon Lui is a Hong Kong-born Pak Mei instructor and herbal practitioner who carried the Lum Hung branch of Pak Mei from Toronto into a wider North American teaching network.
Ng Yiu 吳耀
Ng Yiu was a senior disciple of Cheung Lai-chuen, an early Pak Mei instructor in Guangzhou and Hong Kong, an herbal practitioner, and author of the 1977 weapons manual Pak Mei Tiger Fork.
Cheung Lai-Cheun 張禮泉
Cheung Lai-cheun was the central founder of modern Pak Mei, or White Eyebrow Boxing, whose teaching shaped one of southern China’s most influential martial arts.